What are hormones really?
In clinic, I meet many patients who arrive with complex symptoms but one simple question: “Could this be my hormones?” To answer that properly, we need to understand what hormones actually are - not in theory, but in the context of real human health.
Hormones are chemical signals produced by the endocrine glands, and they are central to how the body maintains stability. They regulate energy, metabolism, sleep, stress responses, temperature control, mood, reproductive function, and far more. When hormone levels are steady, most of these processes operate quietly in the background. When they shift, even slightly, the effects can be surprisingly far-reaching.
What often gets overlooked is how interconnected the hormonal system truly is. Oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone receive a lot of attention, particularly around perimenopause and menopause, but they are only part of the endocrine picture. Thyroid hormones influence metabolic rate and cognitive function. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, shapes how we respond to physical and emotional stress. Insulin regulates blood sugar and can influence weight, inflammation, and energy levels. These hormones communicate with one another continuously, which is why a single imbalance can present with a broad range of symptoms.
In my practice, patients rarely fit neatly into one diagnostic box. Hormonal symptoms can overlap with nutritional deficiencies, thyroid dysfunction, perimenopause, chronic stress, gut health issues, sleep disruption, and metabolic changes. This is why a targeted, evidence-based assessment is essential. High-quality testing, a detailed clinical history and a clear understanding of the patient’s lived experience allow me to identify the root causes rather than simply treating isolated symptoms.
Many people assume hormonal changes are something they must tolerate - part of ageing, busy lifestyles or “just how things are.” The reality is that hormonal imbalance is both common and highly treatable. With the right plan, symptoms such as fatigue, mood fluctuations, weight changes, temperature swings, poor sleep, reduced concentration or low libido can improve significantly.
Understanding what hormones actually do is the first step in regaining control over how you feel day-to-day. If you recognise aspects of your own health in this description, a thorough hormonal evaluation with your medical specialist may offer clarity - and, importantly, a path forward.